Neuromodulating Compounds

With long-term expertise in the development of basic neuroscience research tools, Creative Biolabs is the ideal partner to meet all of your demands for neuroscience research. Our team provides a full-service package from selecting neuromodulating compounds to production and quality control.

Overview of Neuromodulating Compounds

What are Neuromodulating Compounds?

The definition of neuromodulating compounds (also known as neuromodulators) is flexible but has evolved to describe neurotransmission that is not directly excitatory or inhibitory. Neuromodulating compounds are chemical messengers released from neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or periphery nervous system (PNS) that affects groups of neurons or effector cells with the appropriate receptors.

There are many types of neuromodulating compounds, such as opioid peptides like enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins. Examples of neuromodulating compounds are also neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and octopamine. They are not released at synaptic sites; however, they act through second messengers and produce long-lasting effects. The release of them is local so that only nearby neurons or effectors are influenced or more widespread, meaning that the distinction with a neurohormone becomes very blurred.

Roles of Neuromodulating Compounds in CNS

Neuromodulation underlies the flexibility of neural circuit operation and behavior. Neuromodulation is demonstrated as a change in the state of a neuron or group of neurons that alters its response to subsequent stimulation and the strength of signal transmissions between neurons. Neuromodulating compounds can alter neuronal signal transmission by controlling the number of neurotransmitters synthesized and released by the neurons.

• For Neuronal Activity
  Neuromodulating compounds play critical roles in regulating every aspect of neuronal activity. Their functional roles are typically identified using various pharmacological and genetic approaches to activate or block specific neuromodulating compounds and characterize the resulting functional consequences.
• For Synaptic Communication
  Neuromodulating compounds modify synaptic communication through several mechanisms, which can be broadly divided into effects that target synapses directly and those that indirectly modify synaptic interactions by changing the excitability of neurons.

Fig.1 Neuromodulation of short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.¹

• For Regulating Plasticity
  Neuromodulating compounds play a ubiquitous role across the brain in regulating plasticity. Neuromodulating compounds are thought to impact plasticity predominantly through two mechanisms: the gating of plasticity and the upregulation of neuronal activity. They are often thought to convey global control of brain states that underlie different behaviors, such as sleep, arousal, and anesthetized states.

Fig.2 Neuromodulation of ion channels and membrane excitability.¹

Services at Creative Biolabs

Neuromodulating compounds modify neuronal dynamics, excitability, and synaptic function. By providing customized services, Creative Biolabs is your reliable partner. Our specialized scientist team provides custom development and production of neuroscience research tools such as neuromodulating compounds for your neuroscience research. We are constantly working to integrate our platforms to maintain the excellence of our high-quality services.

Please send us your inquiry directly. We look forward to discussing your demands and finding the best solution for your research.

Our custom services include the synthesis and purification of a wide range of neuromodulating compounds, including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and ion channel modulators.

• We can work with our clients to design and produce compounds with specific properties and characteristics, such as potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profiles.
• Additionally, we offer custom formulation services for developing compounds in a variety of formats, including powders, solutions, and suspensions, to meet the unique requirements of each research project.
• Furthermore, we offer comprehensive analytical and quality control services to ensure the purity, stability, and consistency of our custom compounds.

By providing high-quality, reliable, and tailored solutions to meet the unique needs of our clients, we help biotechnology companies advance their research and accelerate the development of novel therapeutics for neurological disorders. We also offer flexibility in our services, including but not limited to:

Published Data

Chlorogenic acid has been described as a potent antioxidant, and several studies have demonstrated its ability to influence brain function. Mara Yone D. Fernandes et al. used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test whether actual concentrations of chlorogenic acid directly influence synaptic transmission and plasticity.

They selected actual concentrations of chlorogenic acid and used electrophysiological methods to explore the effects of two different chlorogenic acids enriched in coffee beverages on synaptic transmission and plasticity in neural circuits in hippocampal slices, which are often used as representative neural circuits. The results suggest that under physiological conditions, chlorogenic acid does not affect hippocampal synaptic transmission or synaptic plasticity; however, when synaptic function is disturbed, either under ischemic conditions or when exposed to β-amyloid peptide, chlorogenic acid attenuates synaptic dysfunction.

Fig. 3 The chlorogenic acids accelerated and increased the extent of recovery of both hippocampal synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity after exposure to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), modelling ischemia.²

Applications

Researchers can use our neuromodulating compounds custom services in a variety of ways, including:

• Investigating the role of specific neurotransmitter systems in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy
• Studying the mechanisms of action of neuromodulatory drugs and potential therapeutic targets
• Evaluating the effects of neuromodulating compounds on neuronal activity, synaptic transmission, and behavior in animal models
• Screening potential drug candidates for their ability to modulate neuronal activity and treat neurological disorders

FAQs

Q: Can your services accommodate high-throughput screening of neuromodulating compounds?

A: Yes, we offer high-throughput screening capabilities for neuromodulating compounds. Our automated platforms and optimized protocols allow us to screen large libraries of compounds efficiently. We can test for activity, potency, and selectivity across various targets, including neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and intracellular pathways. HTS is particularly useful for identifying lead candidates in drug discovery or studying complex neural interactions.

Q: How do you handle potential off-target effects when testing neuromodulating compounds?

A: We address off-target effects through rigorous screening and characterization of compounds. Our initial assessments include specificity tests using control assays and multiple receptor subtypes to differentiate target activity from non-specific interactions. We can also perform selectivity profiling and conduct parallel tests in different biological systems. This comprehensive approach helps identify and mitigate off-target effects, ensuring reliable data interpretation in your experiments.

Q: Do you offer guidance on dosage and concentration for specific research models?

A: Yes, we offer expert guidance on selecting appropriate dosages and concentrations for your specific research models. Whether you're working with cell cultures, organotypic slices, or live animals, our team can suggest starting concentrations based on your experimental needs and previous literature. We can also provide recommendations for scaling doses in cases of prolonged or chronic exposure studies.

Q: How flexible is your customization process if I need changes during the project?

A: Our customization process is highly flexible and adaptable to changing research needs. We maintain open communication with you throughout the project and can adjust parameters such as concentration, formulation, or compound characteristics based on your evolving experimental data. Our goal is to deliver exactly what you need, even if adjustments are required during development.

Scientific Resources

Nanotechnology for Neuromodulation

References

1. Nadim, Farzan, and Dirk Bucher. "Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses." Current opinion in neurobiology 29 (2014): 48-56.
2. Fernandes, Mara Yone D., et al. "Neuromodulation and neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acids in excitatory synapses of mouse hippocampal slices." Scientific reports 11.1 (2021): 10488.

For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.