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Forebrain Organoid
Overview of Forebrain Organoid
Introduction of Brain Organoids
The human brain is the most complex organ that responds to all human intellectual abilities. In this case, a better understanding of human brain development is essential for the understanding of human cognitive abilities. In the past decades, transgenic animals are promising model organisms for study and research. However, there are significant structural differences between the brains of model organisms and humans. For example, increased proliferation of stem and neural progenitor cells as well as production of outer radial glial cells (oRGC) are primary mechanisms of primate cortical evolution, which is rare in rodents. In this case, brain organoids have been served as a powerful tool for human brain research in vitro. The forebrain is the important neural structure that relates to speech, cognition, and emotion. It is also implicated in a series of neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy.
Fig.1 Validation of forebrain-type organoids at day 20.1
Forebrain Organoid Culture System
To model human cerebral cortex development, there are telencephalic progenitor cells and neurons derived from a human pluripotent stem cell (PSC). However, PSC-derived 3D organoid cultures are required for the developmental processes of organogenesis. To avoid variations between batches and heterogeneity between organoids, now Creative Biolabs provides a simple and standardized forebrain organoid culture system. The most important feature and advantage of this system is the high efficiency and repeatability of PSC-derived organoids. As a stable and reliable cell-based model system, CNS disease models can be generated in vitro.
Our Forebrain Organoid Development Service
Our service is a specialized service designed to provide research communities with state-of-the-art, ready-to-use forebrain organoids. These organoids are self-organized, three-dimensional tissue cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cells, designed to closely resemble the embryonic human forebrain.
What We Do
- Customized preparation: We understand that different research projects may require organoids with distinct specifications. We involve our clients in the design process, ensuring the organoids are prepared with the appropriate characteristics such as cellular diversity, structure, and regional specificity.
- Quality Assurance: Our experienced team assures the quality of the organoids. We ensure that the produced forebrain organoids have the proper organ-like structures and cell types that are found in native brain tissue, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
- Quality Control: Every batch of organoids undergoes rigorous testing to verify their sterility, viability, and proper cellular composition. Each organoid is tested for expected gene and protein expression, and we also assess the organoid's developmental stage using histology.
- Documentation: With each batch of prepared organoids, we will provide a detailed protocol, including the step-by-step process of their preparation, feed schedule, quality control information and data on the organoid's verification process.
- Shipment: Organoids will be safely shipped at the appropriate temperature to maintain their integrity. Upon receipt, they can be immediately used for a variety of applications, including disease modeling, drug screening, and developmental biology research.
- Post Delivery Support: Our team provides continuous scientific support and consultation for the maintenance and adaptation of forebrain organoids in your lab and for your specific research project.
Our forebrain organoid development service is part of our commitment to advancing scientific research in neuroscience, developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and CNS drug discovery. By providing user-friendly and reliable products, we aim to make the adoption of organoid technology in labs around the world simpler and more straightforward.
Protocols for Forebrain Organoid Generation
The protocol for forebrain organoid generation is based on the combination of the self-organizing capacity of iPSC with their amenability to patterning factors. With the help of BMP (LDN-193189) as well as TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor (A83-01), individual-specific forebrain organoids can be obtained finally.
Generation of iPSC Aggregates 
Induction of Anterior Neuroectoderm Embedding of Neuroectodermal Aggregates in a Matrix Scaffold Generation of Forebrain-type Organoids from Neuroectodermal Aggregates Fixation and Validation of Forebrain-type Organoids Fig.2 Schematics show the protocol for forebrain organoid generation.
Features of Forebrain Organoid Culture System
- Repeatability to generate PSC-derived forebrain-specific organoids
- Avoid the large variability between samples
- Based on self-assembly without external control
- Simple operation
Published Data
Yuanqing Cao et al. established a forebrain organoid system and spatiotemporally recapitulated early human cortical development, including neuroepithelial induction, apicobasal axis formation, neural progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance, neuronal differentiation, and laminar/regional patterning. Their use of forebrain organoids to recapitulate cortical development in vitro provides a paradigm for effective neurodevelopmental and toxicity modeling and related therapeutic testing/screening.
As shown in the figure, their forebrain organoids were constructed according to published protocols. Generated from hPSC and subjected to multiple stages of quality control during culture, they have high ES stemness, successful EB formation and generation of neuroepithelial and rosette-like structures.
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of forebrain organoid establishment.2
Applications of Forebrain Organoid
- Neurodevelopmental studies
- Evolutionary studies
- Gene function studies
- Disease modeling
- Drug testing
Creative Biolabs is one of the well-recognized experts who are professional in applying advanced platforms for a broad range of neurosciences research, now we provide the novel STEMOD™ neuroscience ex vivo models for our clients all over the world. We have the capability to enable you to free up your time for core work and projects. If you are interested in our services and products, please do not hesitate to contact us for more detailed information.
FAQs
Q: Which specific sensory neuron progenitors are you able to differentiate?
A: We can differentiate progenitor cells into multiple types of sensory neurons, including mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, and thermoreceptors among others. We adjust the conditions depending on the specific type of sensory neuron progenitor differentiation that is required.
Q: What are the specific markers or characteristics used to identify sensory neuron progenitors during the differentiation process?
A: We employ a panel of well-established markers and functional assays to identify and characterize sensory neuron progenitors at various stages of differentiation. These markers include transcription factors, surface antigens, and functional properties specific to sensory neuron progenitors, ensuring accurate monitoring and characterization throughout the differentiation process.
Q: What downstream applications are compatible with the mature sensory neurons generated through this service?
A: The mature sensory neurons generated through our service are compatible with a wide range of downstream applications, including but not limited to electrophysiology, calcium imaging, neurite outgrowth assays, and drug screening studies. Their functionality and compatibility make them invaluable tools for investigating sensory neuron biology and related diseases.
Q: What cell sources are compatible with this service?
A: Our service is compatible with a wide range of cell sources, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and various somatic cell types. We can advise you on the most suitable cell source based on your research goals and experimental design.
Scientific Resources
References
- Krefft, O.; et al. Generation of standardized and reproducible forebrain-type cerebral organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE. 2018 (131).
- Cao, Yuanqing, et al. "Modeling early human cortical development and evaluating neurotoxicity with a forebrain organoid system." Environmental Pollution 337 (2023): 122624.
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.